Recent questions tagged process-calculations-and-thermodynamics

$SO_2$ from air is absorbed by pure water in a counter current packed column operating at constant pressure. The compositions and the flow rates of the streams are shown ...

Consider the equilibrium data for methanol-water system at $1$ bar given in the future below.A distillation column operating at $1.0$ bar is required to produce $92 \: mo...

Consider the gas phase reaction $N_2O_4 \rightleftarrows 2NO_2$ occuring in an isothermal and isobaric reactor maintained at $298 K$ and $1.0$ bar. The standard Gibbs ene...

A tank initially contains a gas mixture with $21\:mol\:\% $ oxygen and $79\:mol\:\%$ nitrogen. Pure nitrogen enters the tank, and a gas mixture of nitrogen and oxygen exi...

Equilibrium data for a binary mixture of $E$ and $F$ at two different pressure is shown in the figure.It is desired to process a feed containing $80 \text{ mol } \% E$ an...

A pure gas obeys the equation of state given by $$\dfrac{PV}{RT} = 1 + \dfrac{BP}{RT}$$ where $P$ is the pressure, $T$ is the absolute temperature, $V$ is the molar volum...

Consider one mole of an ideal gas in a closed system. It undergoes a change in state from $L$ to $N$ through two different non-isothermal processes, as shown in the $P-V$...

Liquid water is pumped at a volumetric flow rate of $0.02 \: m^3 s^{-1}$ from Tank $I$ to Tank $II$, as shown in the figure.Both the tanks are open to the atmosphere. The...

An aqueous suspension at $60^{\circ}C$ is fed to the first effect of a double effect forward feed evaporator with a mass flow rate of $1.25 \: kg \: s^{-1}$. The sum of t...

A vertically held packed bed has a height of $1 \: m$, and void fraction of $0.1$, when there is no flow through the bed. The incipient (minimum) fluidization is set in b...

Two ideal cross-current stages operate to extract $P$ from a feed containing $P$ and $Q$, as shown below.The mass flow rates of $P$ and $Q$ fed to Stage $1$ are $1,000 \:...

An exothermic, aqueous phase, irreversible, first order reaction, $Y \rightarrow Z$ is carried out in an ideal continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) operated adiabatical...

The liquid phase irreversible reactions, $P \xrightarrow[]{k_1} Q$ and $P \xrightarrow[]{k_2} R$, are carried out in an ideal continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) opera...

In a laboratory experiment, a unit pulse input of tracer is given to an ideal plug flow reactor operating at steady state with a recycle ratio, $R=1$. The exit age distri...

Consider a batch distillation process for an equimolar mixture of benzene and toluene at atmospheric pressure. The mole fraction of benzene in the distillate collected af...

The operating temperature range for the Haber process is $350-500^{\circ}C$. It is used for the production of ammonia at$20 \:MPa$ using $Fe$ catalyst in an exothermic re...

Mole fraction and activity coefficient of component $1$ in a binary liquid mixture are $x_1$ and $\gamma _1$ respectively. $G^E$ is excess molar Gibbs energy of the mixtu...

Consider a rigid, perfectly insulated, container partitioned into two unequal parts by a thin membrane (see figure). One part contains one mole of an ideal gas at pressur...

For a single component system, vapor (subscript $g$) and liquid (subscript $f$) coexist in mechanical, thermal and phase equilibrium when$u_{g}=u_{f}$ (equality of specif...

For a binary nonideal $A-B$ mixture exhibiting a minimum boiling azeotrope, the activity coefficients, $\gamma_{i} \left ( i=A, B \right )$, must satisfy$\gamma _{A} 1,\g...

Consider a cylinder (diameter $D$ and length $D$), a sphere (diameter $D$) and a cube (side length $D$). Which of the following statements concerning the sphericity $\lef...

The correct expression for the Colburn $j$-factor for mass transfer that relates Sherwood number ($Sh$), Reynolds number ($Re$) and Schmidt number ($Sc$) is$\frac{Sh}{\le...

Three distillation schemes for separating an equimolar, constant relative volatility $ABC$ mixture into nearly pure components are shown. The usual simplifying assumption...

Consider the two countercurrent heat exchanger designs for heating a cold stream from $t_{in}$ to $t_{out}$ as shown in figure. The hot process stream is available at $T_...

Consider a sealed rigid bottle containing $CO_{2}$ and $H_{2}O$ at $10$ bar and ambient temperature. Assume that the gas phase in the bottle is pure $CO_{2}$ and follows ...

A disk turbine is used to stir a liquid in a baffled tank. To design the agitator, experiments are performed in a lab-scale model with a turbine diameter of $0.05 \:m$ an...

Consider two non-interacting tanks-in-series as shown in figure. Water enters $TANK$ $1$ at $q$ $cm^{3}/s$ and drains down to $TANK$ $2$ by gravity at a rate $k\sqrt{h_{1...

$100$ $kg$ of a feed containing $50$ $wt.\%$ of a solute $C$ is contacted with $80$ $kg$ of a solvent containing $0.5$ $wt.\%$ of $C$ is a mixer-settler unit. From the op...

Carbon monoxide $(CO)$ reacts with hydrogen sulphide $(H_2S)$ at a constant temperature of $800\:K$ and a constant pressure of 2 bar as:$$CO+H_2S\leftrightharpoons COS+H_...

For a given binary system at constant temperature and pressure, the molar volume (in $m^{3}$/mol) is given by: $v=30x_{A}+20x_{B}+x_{A}x_{B}\left ( 15x_{A} -7x_{B}\right ...

Consider a vessel containing steam at $180^{\circ}C$.The initial steam quality is $0.5$ and the initial volume of the vessel in $1$ $m^{3}$. The vessel loses heat at a co...

A fractionator recovers $95$ mol $\%$ $n$-propane as the distillate from an equimolar mixture of $n$-propane and $n$-butane. The condensate is a saturated liquid at $55^{...

A centrifugal pump is used to pump water (density $1000$ $kg/m^{3}$) from an inlet pressure of $10^{5}$ $Pa$ to an exit pressure of $2 \times 10^{5}$ $Pa$. The exit is at...

Stream $A$ with specific heat capacity $C_{PA}=2000\:J/\left ( kg\:K \right )$ is cooled from $90^{\circ}C$ to $45^{\circ}C$ in a concentric double pipe counter current...

A $20$ $cm$ diameter cylindrical solid pellet of a nuclear fuel with density $6000\: kg/m^{3}$ and conductivity of $300\:W/\left ( m\:K \right )$ generates heat by nucle...

The elementary, irreversible liquid-phase, parallel reactions, $2A\rightarrow D$ and $2A\rightarrow U$, take place in an isothermal non-ideal reactor. The $C$-curve measu...

A first-order irreversible liquid phase reaction $A\rightarrow B\left ( k=0.1\:min^{-1} \right )$ is carried out under isothermal, steady state conditions in the followin...

The elementary liquid-phase irreversible reactions$A\overset{k_{1}=0.4\: min^{-1}}{\rightarrow}B\overset{k_{2}=0.1\:min^{-1}}{\rightarrow}C$take place in an isothermal id...

Two spherical camphor particles of radii $20$ $cm$ and $5$ $cm$ far away from each other, are undergiong sublimation in a stream of air. The mass transfer coefficient is ...