Recent questions and answers in Process Calculations and Thermodynamics

Consider a closed system of one mole of an ideal gas undergoing a polytropic process. The process follows $P V^{n}=$ constant, where $P$ is the pressure, $V$ is the volum...

According to the phase rule, which one of the following is the number of degrees of freedom for pure water at its triple point?$-3$$0$$1$$3$

Which of the following statements regarding the heat of reaction is/are CORRECT?For endothermic reaction, it is positive.For exothermic reaction, it is negative.For exoth...

A thermometer initially at a steady temperature of $30^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ is inserted in a water bath maintained at $90^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. The initial rate of temperat...

Methanol is formed by the following gas phase homogeneous reaction:\[\mathrm{CO}(\mathrm{~g})+2 \mathrm{H}_{2}(\mathrm{~g}) \leftrightharpoons \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}...

A feed containing $10 \mathrm{~mol} \%$ propylene, $15 \mathrm{~mol} \%$ ammonia and rest air is charged into a reactor to produce acrylonitrile $\left(\mathrm{C}_{3} \ma...

A gas mixture of $50 \mathrm{wt} . \%$ argon and $50 \mathrm{wt} . \%$ helium flowing through a horizontal tube of uniform diameter at a rate of $1 \mathrm{~kg} \mathrm{~...

Cyclohexane $\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12}\right)$ is produced from benzene $\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{6}\right)$ and hydrogen $\left(\mathrm{H}_{2}\right)$...

​​The number of independent intensive variables that need to be specified to determine the thermodynamic state of a ternary mixture at vapor-liquid-liquid equilibrium is$...

​​​​The boundary of a system does not allow exchange of either mass or energy (in the form of heat and/or work) with the surroundings. The system is termedIsolatedOpenAdi...

The following data is given for a ternary $\text{A B C}$ gas mixture at $12\: \mathrm{MPa}$ and $308 \: \mathrm{K}$:$$\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|} \hline \text{Component} i \...

Ideal nonreacting gases $A$ and $B$ are contained inside a perfectly insulated chamber, separated by a thin partition, as shown in the figure. The partition is removed, a...

​​​Consider a Cartesian coordinate system with orthogonal unit basis vectors $\hat{\imath}, \hat{\jmath}$ defined over a domain: $x, y \in[0,1]$. Choose the condition for...

Components $A$ and $B$ form an azeotrope. The saturation vapour pressures of $A$ and $B$ at the boiling temperature of the azeotrope are $87 \: \mathrm{kPa}$ and $72.7 \:...

Methanol is produced by the reversible, gas-phase hydrogenation of carbon monoxide as$$ \mathrm{CO}+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \leftrightarrow \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}$$$\mathrm...

Consider the reaction $\mathrm{N}_{2}(\mathrm{~g})+3 \mathrm{H}_{2}(g) \rightleftharpoons 2 \mathrm{NH}_{3}(g)$ in a continuous flow reactor under steady-state conditions...

Consider a binary mixture of components $A$ and $B$ at temperature $T$ and pressure $P$. Let $\bar{V}_{A}$ and $\bar{V}_{B}$ be the partial molar volumes of $A$ and $B$, ...

Methane combusts with air in a furnace as $\mathrm{CH}_{4}+2 \mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow \mathrm{CO}_{2}+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$. The heat of reaction $\Delta H_{r x ...

An isolated system consists of two perfectly sealed cuboidal compartments $A$ and $B$ separated by a movable rigid wall of cross-sectional area $0.1 \mathrm{~m}^{2}$ as s...

Ethylene obeys the truncated virial equation-of-state\[\frac{P V}{R T}=1+\frac{B P}{R T}\]where $P$ is the pressure, $V$ is the molar volume, $T$ is the absolute temperat...

John and Jane independently performed a thermodynamic experiment, in which $\mathbf{X}$ and $\mathbf{Y}$ represent the initial and final thermodynamic states of the syste...

Consider a system where a Carnot engine is operating between a source and a sink. Which of the following statements about this system is/are $\text{NOT}$ correct?This eng...

Burning of methane in a combustor yields carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. Methane is fed to the combustor at $100 \mathrm{~mol} . \mathrm{hr}^{-1}$, of w...

The enthalpy $\left(H\right.$, in J. $\left.\mathrm{mol}^{-1}\right)$ of a binary liquid system at constant temperature and pressure is given as$$H=40 x_1+60 x_2+x_1 x_2\...

Wet air containing $10$ mole percent water vapor is dried by continuously passing it through a column of $\mathrm{CaCl}_2$ pellets. The pellets remove $50$ percent of wat...

Orsat analysis showing the composition (in $\text{mol} \%,$ on a dry basis) of a stack gas is given in the table below. The humidity measurement reveals that the mole fra...

For a single component system at vapor-liquid equilibrium, the extensive variables $\text{A,V, S and N}$ denote the Helmholtz free energy, volume, entropy, and number of ...

$5$ moles of liquid benzene, $8$ moles of liquid toluene and $7$ moles of liquid xylene are mixed at $25^{\circ}C$ and $1$ bar. Assuming the formation of an ideal solutio...

$N$ moles of an ideal gas undergo a two-step process as shown in the figure. Let $\text{P, V and T}$ denote the pressure, volume and temperature of the gas, respectively....

A substance at $4^{\circ}C$ has a thermal expansion coefficient $\beta = \dfrac{1}{v}\left ( \dfrac{\partial v}{\partial T} \right )_P =0 \:K^{-1}$, an isothermal compres...

The molar excess Gibbs free energy $(g^{E})$ of a liquid mixture of $A$ and $B$ is given by $$\frac{g^{E}}{RT} = x_{A}x_{B}\left [ C_{1} + C_{2} \left ( x_{A} - x_{B} \ri...

For a pure substance, the following data at saturated conditions are given:$$\begin{array}{cccc}\text{ln}\:{P^{\text{sat}} (\text{bar})} & \text{T (K)} \\ 0.693 & 350 \\ ...

The van der Waals equation of the state is given by$$P_r = \dfrac{8T_r}{3v_r-1} – \dfrac{3}{v_r^2}$$where $P_r$, $T_r$ and $v_r$ represent reduced pressure, reduced tempe...

The molar heat capacity at constant pressure $C_p$ (in $\text{J mol}^{-1} K^{-1}$) for $n$-pentane as a function of temperature $(T$ in $K)$ is given by$ \dfrac{C_p}{R} =...

Formaldehyde is produced by the oxidation of methane in a reactor. The following two parallel reactions occur.$$CH_4+O_2 \rightarrow HCHO+H_2O \\ CH_4 +2O_2 \rightarrow C...

The combustion of carbon monoxide is carried out in a closed, rigid and insulated vessel. $1 \text{ mol}$ of $CO$, $0.5 \text{ mol}$ of $O_2$ and $2 \text{ mol}$ of $N_2$...

A gaseous mixture at $1$ bar and $300 \: K$ consists of $20 \text{ mol } \% \: CO_2$ and $80 \text{ mol } \%$ inert gas.Assume the gases to be ideal. Take $R=8.314 \text{...