Recent questions tagged process-calculations-and-thermodynamics

​​​​$500 \: \mathrm{mg}$ of a dry adsorbent is added to a beaker containing $100 \: \mathrm{mL}$ solution of concentration $100 \: \mathrm{mg \: phenol/ (L \: solution)}$...

​​​​​A catalyst particle is modeled as a symmetrical double cone solid as shown in the figure. For each conical sub-part, the radius of the base is $r$ and the height is ...

​​​​A zero-order gas phase reaction $A \rightarrow B$ with rate $\left(-r_{A}\right)=k=100 \mathrm{~mol} /(\mathrm{L \: min )}$ is carried out in a mixed flow reactor of ...

Consider moist air with absolute humidity of $0.02 \: \mathrm{(kg \: moisture)} / \mathrm{(kg dry air)}$ at $1$ bar pressure. The vapour pressure of water is given by the...

A leaf filter is operated at $1$ atm (gauge). The volume of filtrate collected $\left(V\right.$ in $\left.\mathrm{m}^{3}\right)$ is related with the volumetric flow rate ...

An adiabatic pump of efficiency $40 \%$ is used to increase the water pressure from $200 \: \mathrm{kPa}$ to $600 \: \mathrm{kPa}$ . The flow rate of water is $600 \mathr...

Water flowing at $70 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{min}$ is heated from $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ to $65^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ in a counter-flow double pipe heat exchanger using hot...

A binary $\text{AB}$ liquid mixture containing $30 \: \mathrm{~mol} \% \: \text{A}$ is subjected to differential (Rayleigh) distillation at atmospheric pressure in order ...

Gas containing $0.8\: \mathrm{~mol} \%$ component $\text{A}$ is to be scrubbed with pure water in a packed bed column to reduce the concentration of $\text{A}$ to $0.1 \...

Components $A$ and $B$ form an azeotrope. The saturation vapour pressures of $A$ and $B$ at the boiling temperature of the azeotrope are $87 \: \mathrm{kPa}$ and $72.7 \:...

The catalytic gas phase reaction $A \rightarrow$ products is carried out in an isothermal batch reactor of $10 \: \mathrm{L}$ volume using $0.1 \: \mathrm{kg}$ of a soli...

Methanol is produced by the reversible, gas-phase hydrogenation of carbon monoxide as$$ \mathrm{CO}+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \leftrightarrow \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}$$$\mathrm...

Consider the flowsheet in the figure for manufacturing $C$ via the reaction $A+B \rightarrow C$ in an isothermal CSTR. The split in the separator is perfect so that the r...

A wet solid of $100 \:\textsf{kg}$ containing $30 \: \mathrm{wt} \%$ moisture is to be dried to $2 \: \mathrm{wt} \%$ moisture in a tray dryer. The critical moisture cont...

​​​​​A homogeneous azeotropic distillation process separates an azeotropic $AB$ binary feed using a heavy entrainer, $E$, as shown in the figure. The loss of $E$ in the t...

Consider a vapour-liquid mixture of components $A$ and $B$ that obeys Raoult's law. The vapour pressure of $A$ is half that of $B$. The vapour phase concentrations of $A$...

The ratio of the activation energy of a chemical reaction to the universal gas constant is $1000 \mathrm{~K}$. The temperature-dependence of the reaction rate constant fo...

​​​​​In an ammonia manufacturing facility, the necessary hydrogen is generated from methane. The facility consists of the following process units -$\text{P}$: Methanator,...

If the Prandtl number $\operatorname{Pr}=0.01$, which of the following statements is/are correct?The momentum diffusivity is much larger than the thermal diffusivity.The ...

For the electrolytic cell in a chlor-alkali plant, which of the following statements is/are correct?A membrane cell operates at a higher brine concentration than a diaphr...

Consider the reaction $\mathrm{N}_{2}(\mathrm{~g})+3 \mathrm{H}_{2}(g) \rightleftharpoons 2 \mathrm{NH}_{3}(g)$ in a continuous flow reactor under steady-state conditions...

Consider a binary mixture of components $A$ and $B$ at temperature $T$ and pressure $P$. Let $\bar{V}_{A}$ and $\bar{V}_{B}$ be the partial molar volumes of $A$ and $B$, ...

The opposite faces of a metal slab of thickness $5 \mathrm{~cm}$ and thermal conductivity $400 \mathrm{~W} \mathrm{~m}^{-1}{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}^{-1}$ are maintained at ...

​​​​​Hot oil at $110{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ heats water from $30^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ to $70{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ in a counter-current double-pipe heat exchanger. The fl...

​​​​​​A gas stream containing $95 \mathrm{~mol} \% \mathrm{CO}_{2}$ and $5 \mathrm{~mol} \%$ ethanol is to be scrubbed with pure water in a counter-current, isothermal ab...

​​​​​Sulfur dioxide $\left(\mathrm{SO}_{2}\right)$ gas diffuses through a stagnant air-film of thickness $2 \mathrm{~mm}$ at 1 bar and $30^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. The diffus...

​​​​​A simple distillation column separates a binary mixture of $A$ and $B$. The relative volatility of $A$ with respect to $B$ is $2$. The steady-state composition of $A...

​​​Alumina particles with an initial moisture content of $5 \mathrm{~kg}$ per $\mathrm{kg}$ dry solid are dried in a batch dryer. For the first two hours, the measured dr...

A first-order heterogenous reaction $A \rightarrow B$ is carried out using a porous spherical catalyst. Assume isothermal conditions, and that intraphase diffusion contro...

​​​​​​A first-order liquid phase reaction $A \rightarrow B$ is carried out in two isothermal plug flow reactors (PFRs) of volume $1 \mathrm{~m}^{3}$ each, connected in se...

​​​​The residence time distribution, $E$, for a non-ideal flow reactor is given in the figure. A first-order liquid phase reaction with a rate constant $0.2 \mathrm{~min}...

Methane combusts with air in a furnace as $\mathrm{CH}_{4}+2 \mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow \mathrm{CO}_{2}+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$. The heat of reaction $\Delta H_{r x ...

An isolated system consists of two perfectly sealed cuboidal compartments $A$ and $B$ separated by a movable rigid wall of cross-sectional area $0.1 \mathrm{~m}^{2}$ as s...

Ethylene obeys the truncated virial equation-of-state\[\frac{P V}{R T}=1+\frac{B P}{R T}\]where $P$ is the pressure, $V$ is the molar volume, $T$ is the absolute temperat...

Water of density $1000 \mathrm{~kg} \mathrm{~m}^{-3}$ is pumped at a volumetric flow rate of $3.14 \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{~m}^{3} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}$, through a pipe of inn...

Heat is available at a rate of $2 \mathrm{~kW}$ from a thermal reservoir at $400 \mathrm{~K}$. A two-stage process harnesses this heat to produce power. Stages $1$ and $2...

A chemostat with cell recycle is shown in the figure. The feed flow rate and culture volume are $F=75 \mathrm{~L} \mathrm{~h}^{-1}$ and $V=200 \mathrm{~L}$, respectively....

Consider a tray-column of diameter $120 \mathrm{~cm}$. Each downcomer has a cross-sectional area of $575 \mathrm{~cm}^{2}$. For a tray, the percentage column cross-sectio...