Recent questions tagged process-calculations-and-thermodynamics

For a reversible endothermic chemical reaction with constant heat of reaction over the operating temperature range, $K$ is the thermodynamic equilibrium constant. Which o...

John and Jane independently performed a thermodynamic experiment, in which $\mathbf{X}$ and $\mathbf{Y}$ represent the initial and final thermodynamic states of the syste...

Spray dryers have many advantages. Which one of the following is NOT an advantage of a typical spray dryer?Has short drying timeProduces hollow spherical particlesHas hig...

A liquid surge tank has $F_{\text {in }}$ and $F_{\text {out }}$ as the inlet and outlet flow rates respectively, as shown in the figure below. $F_{\text {out }}$ is prop...

A packed distillation column, with vapor having an average molecular weight of $45 \mathrm{~kg} \cdot \mathrm{kmol}^{-1}$, density of $2 \mathrm{~kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{-3...

An isothermal jacketed continous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) operating at $150^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ is shown in the figure below. The cold feed entering the system at $30^...

Consider a system where a Carnot engine is operating between a source and a sink. Which of the following statements about this system is/are $\text{NOT}$ correct?This eng...

The position $x(t)$ of a particle, at constant $\omega$, is described by the equation$$\frac{d^2 x}{d t^2}=-\omega^2 x.$$The initial conditions are $x(t=0)=1$ and $\left....

Burning of methane in a combustor yields carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. Methane is fed to the combustor at $100 \mathrm{~mol} . \mathrm{hr}^{-1}$, of w...

The viscosity of an incompressible Newtonian fluid is measured using a capillary tube of diameter $0.5 \mathrm{~mm}$ and length $1.5 \mathrm{~m}$. The fluid flow is lamin...

A liquid $\boldsymbol{L}$ containing a dissolved gas $\boldsymbol{S}$ is stripped in a countercurrent operation using a pure carrier gas $\boldsymbol{V}$. The liquid phas...

Water in a container at $290 \mathrm{~K}$ is exposed to air containing $3 \% ~ \mathrm{CO}_2$ by volume. Air behaves like an ideal gas and is maintained at $100 ~ \mathrm...

The enthalpy $\left(H\right.$, in J. $\left.\mathrm{mol}^{-1}\right)$ of a binary liquid system at constant temperature and pressure is given as$$H=40 x_1+60 x_2+x_1 x_2\...

Which one of the following represents the $\text{CORRECT}$ effects of concentration polarization in a reverse osmosis process?Reduced water flux and reduced solute reject...

$\mathrm{CO}$ and $\mathrm{H}_2$ participate in a catalytic reaction. The partial pressures (in atm) of the reacting species $\mathrm{CO}$ and $\mathrm{H}_2$ in the feed ...

Level $(h)$ in a steam boiler is controlled by manipulating the flow rate $(F)$ of the make-up (fresh) water using a proportional (P) controller. The transfer function be...

Which of the following statements is/are $\text{CORRECT}$? Bond number includes surface tension. Jakob number includes latent heat. Prandtl number includes liquid-vapor d...

Wet air containing $10$ mole percent water vapor is dried by continuously passing it through a column of $\mathrm{CaCl}_2$ pellets. The pellets remove $50$ percent of wat...

Orsat analysis showing the composition (in $\text{mol} \%,$ on a dry basis) of a stack gas is given in the table below. The humidity measurement reveals that the mole fra...

A fluid is flowing steadily under laminar conditions over a thin rectangular plate at temperature $T_s$ as shown in the figure below. The velocity and temperature of the ...

A perfectly insulated, concentric tube countercurrent heat exchanger is used to cool lubricating oil using water as a coolant (see figure below). Oil enters the outer ann...

Partially saturated air at $1 \; \mathrm{bar}$ and $50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ is contacted with water in an adiabatic saturator. The air is cooled and humidified to saturati...

Fresh catalyst is loaded into a reactor before the start of the following catalytic reaction.$$\textbf{A} \longrightarrow \textbf{products}$$The catalyst gets deactivated...

A unimolecular, irreversible liquid-phase reaction$$\boldsymbol{A} \longrightarrow \boldsymbol{P}$$was carried out in an ideal batch reactor at temperature $T$. The rate ...

An irreversible liquid-phase second-order reaction$$\boldsymbol{A} \stackrel{k}{\longrightarrow} \boldsymbol{B}$$with rate constant $k=0.2$ liter. $\mathrm{mol}^{-1} \mat...

The outlet concentration $C_A$ of a plug flow reactor $\text{(PFR)}$ is controlled by manipulating the inlet concentration $C_{A 0}$. The following transfer function desc...

Pumps $A$ and $B$ are being considered for purchase in a chemical plant. Cost details for these two pumps are given in the table below. The interest rate is $10 \%$ per a...

For a single component system at vapor-liquid equilibrium, the extensive variables $\text{A,V, S and N}$ denote the Helmholtz free energy, volume, entropy, and number of ...

Liquid flowing through a heat exchanger $\text{(HX)}$ is heated. A bypass stream is provided to control the temperature of the heated exit stream. From the given plumbing...

A simple distillation column is designed to separate an ideal binary mixture to specified distillate and bottoms purities at a given column pressure. It $RR_{\text{min}}$...

$5$ moles of liquid benzene, $8$ moles of liquid toluene and $7$ moles of liquid xylene are mixed at $25^{\circ}C$ and $1$ bar. Assuming the formation of an ideal solutio...

A perfectly insulated double pipe heat exchanger is operating at steady state. Saturated steam enters the inner pipe at $100^{\circ}C$ and leaves as saturated water at $1...

Consider steady-state diffusion in a binary $\text{A-B}$ liquid at constant temperature and pressure. The mole-fraction of $A$ at two different locations is $0.8$ and $0....

Consider interphase mass transfer of a species $S$ between two immiscible liquids $A$ and $B$. The interfacial mass transfer coefficient ot $S$ in liquid $A$ is twice of ...

A wet solid containing $20\%$ $\text{(w/w)}$ moisture (based on mass of bone-dry solid) is dried in a tray-dryer. The critical moisture content of the solid is $10\%$ $\t...

The partial differential equation $$\frac{\partial u}{\partial t} = \frac{1}{\pi^{2}} \frac{\partial ^{2} u}{\partial x^{2}}$$ where, $t \geq 0$ and $x \in [0,1]$, is sub...

$N$ moles of an ideal gas undergo a two-step process as shown in the figure. Let $\text{P, V and T}$ denote the pressure, volume and temperature of the gas, respectively....

Consider a bare long copper wire of $1$ $\text{mm}$ diameter. Its surface temperature is $T_{s}$ and the ambient temperature is $T_{a}\:(T_{s} T_{a})$. The wire is to be...

A substance at $4^{\circ}C$ has a thermal expansion coefficient $\beta = \dfrac{1}{v}\left ( \dfrac{\partial v}{\partial T} \right )_P =0 \:K^{-1}$, an isothermal compres...