Recent questions tagged process-calculations-and-thermodynamics

A vertical cylindrical tank with a flat roof and bottom is to be constructed for storing $150\:m^{3}$ of ethylene glycol. The cost of material and fabrication for the tan...

A catalytic reforming plant produces hydrogen and benzene from cyclohexane by de-hydro aromatisation. In order to increase the production of hydrogen, the owner plans to ...

For a pure liquid, the rate of change of vapour pressure with temperature is $0.1$ bar/$K$ in the temperature range of $300$ to $350\:K$. If the boiling point of the liqu...

Three identical closed systems of a pure gas are taken from an initial temperature and pressure $(T_{1},P_{1})$ to a final state $(T_{2},P_{2})$, each by a different path...

For a gas phase cracking reaction $A{\rightarrow}B+C$ at $300^{\circ}$, the Gibbs free energy of the reaction at this temperature is $\Delta G^{\circ}=-2750$ $J$/mol. The...

If $v,\:u,\:s$ and $g$ represent respectively the molar volume, molar internal energy, molar entropy and molar Gibbs free energy, then match the entries in the left and r...

Benzene is removed from air by absorbing it n a non-volatile wash-oil at $100$ $kPa$ in a counter- current gas absorber. Gas flow rate is $100$ mol/min , which includes $...

The diameters of sand particles in a sample range from $50$ to $150$ microns. The number of particles of diameter x in the sample is proportional to $\frac{1}{50+x}$. The...

The schematic diagram of a steady state process is shown below. The fresh feed $(F)$ to the reactor consists ot $96$ mol$\%$ reactant $A$ and $4$ mol$\%$ inert $I$. The s...

An ideal gas is initially at a pressure of $0.1\:MPa$ and a total volume of $2\:m^{3}$. It is first compressed to $1\:MPa$ by a reversible adiabatic process and then cool...

Given that molar residual Gibbs free energy, $g^{R}$, and molar residual volume, $v^{R}$, are related as $\frac{g^{R}}{RT}=\int _{0}^{P}\left ( \frac{v^{R}}{RT} \right )d...

A binary mixture of components $(1)$ and $(2)$ forms an azeotrope at $130^{\circ}C$ and $X_{1}=0.3$. The liquid phase non-ideality is described by In $\gamma _{1}=Ax{_{2}...

A centrifugal pump delivers water at the rate of $0.22 m^{3}/s$ from a reservoir at ground level to another reservoir at a height $H$,through a vertical pipe ot $0.2\:m$ ...

A typical batch filtration cycle consists of filtration followed by washing. One such filtration unit operating at constant pressure difference first filters a slurry dur...

A heated solid copper sphere (of surface area $A$ and volume $V$) is immersed in a large body of cold fluid. Assume the resistance to heat transfer inside the sphere to b...

The impulse response to a tracer pulse experiment or a flow reactor is given below :In the above figure, $C$ is the exit tracer concentration. The corresponding $E$ or $E...

The cost of two independent process variables $f_{1}$ and $f_{2}$ affects the total cost $C_{T}$ (in lakhs of rupees) of the process as per the following function :$$C_{T...

Match the raw materials of Group-$1$ and $2$ with the final products of Group-$3$$$\begin{array}&&\textbf{Group 1} & \textbf{Group 2} & \textbf{Group 3} \\ &\text{P$_{1}$...

Consider a binary liquid mixture at equilibrium with its vapour at $25^{\circ}C$.Antoine equation for this system is given as $log_{10}\:p_{t}^{sat}=A-\frac{B}{t+C}$ wher...

A polymer plant with a production capacity of $10,000$ tons per year has an overall yield of $70\%$, on mass basis ($kg$ of product per $kg$ of raw material), The raw mat...

Carbon monoxide $(CO)$ is burnt in pressure of $200\%$ excess pure oxygen and the flame temperature achieved is $2298\:K$. The inlet streams are at $25^{\circ}$. The stan...

Two elemental gases ($A$ and $B$) are reacting to form a liquid ($C$) in a steady state process as per the reaction $A+B{\rightarrow}C$. The single-pass conversion of the...

A spherical ball of benzoic acid (diameter=$1.5\:cm$) is submerged in a pool of still water. The solubility and diffusively of benzoic acid in water are $0.03$ $k$mol/$m^...

Which $ONE$ of the following is $CORRECT$ for an ideal gas in a closed system?$\left ( \frac{\partial U}{\partial V} \right )_{s}V=nR\left ( \frac{\partial U}{\partial S}...

Steam economy of a multiple effect evaporator system is defined askilogram of steam used per hourkilogram of steam consumed in all the effects for each kilogram of steam ...

Match the following $$\begin{array}&&\textbf{Group I} & \textbf{Group II} \\ &\text{P. $\left [ \frac{\partial G}{\partial n_{i}} \right ]_{T,P,n_{\int =i}}$} & \text{I....

In a closed system, the isentropic expansion of an ideal gas with constant specific heats is represented by

From the following list, identify the properties which are equal in both vapour and liquid phases at equilibriumDensityTemperatureChemical potentialEnthalpy$P$ and $Q$ on...

Consider the following transfer function $G_p(s) = \dfrac{5}{(2s+1)^4}$(Note: The unit of the processor time constan...

Liquid reactant A decomposes as follows A $\rightarrow$ R r${_R} $= k${_1}$C$^{2}$${_A}$ k${_1}$ = 0.5m$^{3}$/mol-s...

A fraction $f$ of the feed is bypassed and mixed with the permeate to obtain treated water having a fluoride concentration of 1 mg/L. Here also the flow rate of the rejec...

A reverse osmosis unit treats feed water (F) containing fluoride and its output consists of a permeate stream (P) and a reject stream (R). Let C${_F}$, C${_p}$, and C${_R...

The vapor liquid equilibrium relation for an ideal binary system is given by y*${_A}$ = $\frac{\alpha{_A}{_B}x{_A}}{...

The vapor liquid equilibrium relation for an ideal binary system is given by y*${_A}$ = $\frac{\alpha{_A}{_B}x{_A}}{...

A unit gain 2$^{nd}$ order underdamped process has a period of oscillation 1 second and decay ratio 0.25. The transfer function of the process is$\frac{1}{0.024s^2 + 0.06...

The vapor-liquid equilibrium curve of a binary mixture A-B,may be approximated by a linear equation over a narrow range of liquid mole fractions (0.2 < x${_A}$ < 0.3) as...

100 ton/h of a rock feed, of which 80% passed through a mesh size of 2.54 mm, were reduced in size such that 80% of the crushed product passed through a mesh size of 1.27...

A crosscurrent cascade of N ideal stages is used to treat a feed stream of molar flow rate E. The feed stream contains a solute which is to be recovered by a pure solvent...

Water (density 1000 kg/m$^{3}$) is flowing through a nozzle, as shown below and exiting to the atmosphere. The relationship the diameters of the nozzle at location 1 and ...

A binary liquid mixture is in equilibrium with its vapor at a temperature T = 300 K. The liquid mole fraction x${_1}$ of species 1 is 0.4 and the molar excess Gibbs free ...