Recent questions

In soap manufacturing, the triglycerides present in oils and fats are hydrolyzed to mainly produceFatty acids and glycerolGlycerol onlyFatty acids onlyGlycerol and paraff...

The chemical formula of Glauber’s salt, used in the Kraft process, is$Na_{2}CO_{3}.10H_{2}O$$Na_{2}S_{2}O_{4}.2H_{2}O$$Na_{2}HPO_{4}.2H_{2}O$$Na_{2}SO_{4}.10H_{2}O$

Catalytic reforming is commonly used in the petroleum industry to improve fuel quality. The undesirable reaction in the catalytic reforming of naphtha isHydrocracking of ...

A control system on the jacket side of a reactor is shown in the figure. Pressurized water flows through the jacket to cool the reactor. The heated water flashes in the b...

Liquid flowing through a heat exchanger $\text{(HX)}$ is heated. A bypass stream is provided to control the temperature of the heated exit stream. From the given plumbing...

The appropriate feedforward compensator, $G_{ff}$, in the shown block diagram is$G_{ff} = \dfrac{2}{3}\dfrac{\left ( 8s + 1\right )}{\left ( 5s + 1\right )}$$G_{ff} = -\d...

Choose the option that correctly pairs the given measurement devices with the quantities they measure.$$\begin{array}{ccc} \hline\text{S No} & \text{Measurement Device} &...

A simple distillation column is designed to separate an ideal binary mixture to specified distillate and bottoms purities at a given column pressure. It $RR_{\text{min}}$...

The reaction $A \rightarrow B$ is carried out isothermally on a porous catalyst. The intrinsic reaction rate is $kC_{A}^{2}$, where $k$ is the rate constant and $C_{A}$ i...

In an enzymatic reaction, an inhibitor $(I)$ competes with the substrate $(S)$ to bind with the enzyme $(E)$, thereby reducing the rate of product $(P)$ formation. The co...

The area of a circular field is $25\: m^{2}$. The radius, $r$, is to be determined using the Newton-Raphson iterative method. For an initial guess of $r = 2.500\: m$, the...

$5$ moles of liquid benzene, $8$ moles of liquid toluene and $7$ moles of liquid xylene are mixed at $25^{\circ}C$ and $1$ bar. Assuming the formation of an ideal solutio...

A perfectly insulated double pipe heat exchanger is operating at steady state. Saturated steam enters the inner pipe at $100^{\circ}C$ and leaves as saturated water at $1...

Consider steady-state diffusion in a binary $\text{A-B}$ liquid at constant temperature and pressure. The mole-fraction of $A$ at two different locations is $0.8$ and $0....

Consider interphase mass transfer of a species $S$ between two immiscible liquids $A$ and $B$. The interfacial mass transfer coefficient ot $S$ in liquid $A$ is twice of ...

A wet solid containing $20\%$ $\text{(w/w)}$ moisture (based on mass of bone-dry solid) is dried in a tray-dryer. The critical moisture content of the solid is $10\%$ $\t...

A process described by the transfer function $$G_{P}\left ( s \right ) = \frac{\left ( 10s +1 \right )}{5s + 1}$$ is forced by a unit step input at time $t = 0$. The outp...

A compressor with a lite of $10$ years costs Rs $10$ lakhs. Its yearly operating cost is Rs $0.5$ lakh. If the annual compound interest rate is $8\%$, the amount needed a...

The partial differential equation $$\frac{\partial u}{\partial t} = \frac{1}{\pi^{2}} \frac{\partial ^{2} u}{\partial x^{2}}$$ where, $t \geq 0$ and $x \in [0,1]$, is sub...

$N$ moles of an ideal gas undergo a two-step process as shown in the figure. Let $\text{P, V and T}$ denote the pressure, volume and temperature of the gas, respectively....

A horizontal cylindrical water jet of diameter $D_{1} = 2\: cm$ strikes a vertical solid plate with a hole of diameter $D_{2} = 1\:cm$, as shown in the figure. A part of ...

Consider a horizontal rod of radius $aR (a < 1)$ in a stationary pipe of radius $R$. The rod is pulled coaxially at a constant velocity $V$ as shown in the figure. The an...

Consider a bare long copper wire of $1$ $\text{mm}$ diameter. Its surface temperature is $T_{s}$ and the ambient temperature is $T_{a}\:(T_{s} T_{a})$. The wire is to be...

Two large parallel planar walls are maintained at $1000\:K$ and $500\:K$. Parallel radiation shields are to be installed between the two walls. Assume that the emissiviti...

Saturated steam condenses on a vertical plate maintained at a constant wall temperature. If $x$ is the vertical distance from the top edge of the plate, then the local he...

Match the product in Group-$1$ with the manufacturing process in Group-$2$. The correct combination is$$\begin{array}{|c|c|} \hline\text{} & \text{Group – 1} & & \text{Gr...

The directional derivative of $f\left ( x, y, z \right ) = 4x^{2}+2y^{2}+z^{2}$ at the point $(1, 1, 1)$ in the direction of the vector $\vec{v} = \hat{i} - \hat{k}$ is _...

Consider a sphere of radius $4$, centered at the origin, with outward unit normal $\hat{n}$ on its surface $S$. The value of the surface integral $\iint _{s} \left ( \dfr...

The equation $\dfrac{dy}{dx} = xy^{2}+ 2y+ x- 4.5$ with the initial condition $y(x= 0) = 1$ is to be solved using a predictor-corrector approach. Use a predictor based on...

A substance at $4^{\circ}C$ has a thermal expansion coefficient $\beta = \dfrac{1}{v}\left ( \dfrac{\partial v}{\partial T} \right )_P =0 \:K^{-1}$, an isothermal compres...

The molar excess Gibbs free energy $(g^{E})$ of a liquid mixture of $A$ and $B$ is given by $$\frac{g^{E}}{RT} = x_{A}x_{B}\left [ C_{1} + C_{2} \left ( x_{A} - x_{B} \ri...

For a pure substance, the following data at saturated conditions are given:$$\begin{array}{cccc}\text{ln}\:{P^{\text{sat}} (\text{bar})} & \text{T (K)} \\ 0.693 & 350 \\ ...

Consider the process flowsheet in the figure. An irreversible liquid-phase reaction $A \rightarrow B$ (reaction rate $-r_{A} = 164 \:x_{A}\text{ kmol }m^{-3}\:h^{-1}$) oc...

Two reservoirs located at the same altitude are connected by a straight horizontal pipe of length $120\:m$ and inner diameter $0.5\:m$, as shown in the figure. A pump tra...

A venturi meter (venturi coefficient, $C_{v} = 0.98$) is connected to a pipe of inner diameter $50$ $\text{mm}$. Water (density $1000\:kg\:m^{-3}$) is flowing through the...

In a constant-rate cake filtration operation, the collected filtrate volumes are $120\:m^{3}$ and $240\:m^{3}$ at $1$ min and $2$ min, respectively. Assume the cake resis...

A cylindrical fin of diameter $24$ $\text{mm}$ is attached horizontally to a vertical planar wall. The heat transfer rate from the tin to the surrounding ar is $60\%$ of ...

A single-effect evaporator with a heat transfer area of $70\:m^{2}$ concentrates a salt solution using steam. The salt solution feed rate and temperature are $10000\:kg\:...

An equimolar binary mixture is to be separated in a simple tray-distillation column. The feed rate is $50\text{ kmol min}^{-1}$ . The mole fractions of the more volatile ...

The dry-bulb temperature of air in a room is $30^{\circ}C$. The Antoine equation for wateris given as $$\text{ln} P^{sat} = 12.00 -\frac{4000}{T - 40}$$ where $T$ is the ...