Recent questions in Process Calculations and Thermodynamics

Consider two Carnot engines $C_1$ and $C_2$ as shown in the figure.The efficiencies of the engines $C_1$ and $C_2$ are $0.40$ and $0.35$, respectively. If the temperature...

Consider the gas phase reaction $N_2O_4 \rightleftarrows 2NO_2$ occuring in an isothermal and isobaric reactor maintained at $298 K$ and $1.0$ bar. The standard Gibbs ene...

A tank initially contains a gas mixture with $21\:mol\:\% $ oxygen and $79\:mol\:\%$ nitrogen. Pure nitrogen enters the tank, and a gas mixture of nitrogen and oxygen exi...

A pure gas obeys the equation of state given by $$\dfrac{PV}{RT} = 1 + \dfrac{BP}{RT}$$ where $P$ is the pressure, $T$ is the absolute temperature, $V$ is the molar volum...

Consider one mole of an ideal gas in a closed system. It undergoes a change in state from $L$ to $N$ through two different non-isothermal processes, as shown in the $P-V$...

Mole fraction and activity coefficient of component $1$ in a binary liquid mixture are $x_1$ and $\gamma _1$ respectively. $G^E$ is excess molar Gibbs energy of the mixtu...

Consider a rigid, perfectly insulated, container partitioned into two unequal parts by a thin membrane (see figure). One part contains one mole of an ideal gas at pressur...

For a single component system, vapor (subscript $g$) and liquid (subscript $f$) coexist in mechanical, thermal and phase equilibrium when$u_{g}=u_{f}$ (equality of specif...

Carbon monoxide $(CO)$ reacts with hydrogen sulphide $(H_2S)$ at a constant temperature of $800\:K$ and a constant pressure of 2 bar as:$$CO+H_2S\leftrightharpoons COS+H_...

For a given binary system at constant temperature and pressure, the molar volume (in $m^{3}$/mol) is given by: $v=30x_{A}+20x_{B}+x_{A}x_{B}\left ( 15x_{A} -7x_{B}\right ...

Consider a vessel containing steam at $180^{\circ}C$.The initial steam quality is $0.5$ and the initial volume of the vessel in $1$ $m^{3}$. The vessel loses heat at a co...

Consider the reactor-separator-recycle process operating under steady state conditions as shown in the figure. The reactor is an ideal Continuous-Stirred Tank Reactor ($C...

The volumetric properties of two gases $M$ and $N$ are described by the generalized compressibility chart which expresses the compressibility factor $(Z)$ as a function o...

Water is heated at atmospheric pressure from $40^{\circ}C$ to $80^{\circ}C$ using two different processes. In process $I$, the heating is done by a source at $80^{\circ}C...

An aqueous salt-solution enters a crystallizer operating at steady state at $25^{\circ}C$. The feed temperature is $90^{\circ}C$ and the salt concentration in the feet is...

Reaction $A{\rightarrow}B$ is carried out in a reactor operating at steady state and $1$ mol/$s$ of pure $A$ at $425^{\circ}C$ enters the reactor. The outlet stream leave...

The pressure of a liquid is increased isothermally. The molar volume of the liquid decreases from $50.45\times 10^{-6}$ $m^{3}$/mol to $48\times 10^{-6}$ $m^{3}$/mol duri...

The vapour pressure of a pure substance at a temperature $T$ is $30$ bar. The actual and ideal gas values of $g/RT$ for the saturated vapour at this temperature $T$ and $...

Let $I_{b\lambda }$ be the spectral blackbody radiation intensity per unit wavelength about the wavelength $\lambda$ . The blackbody radiation intensity emitted by a blac...

The reversible reaction of $t$-butyl alcohol $(TBA)$ and ethanol $(EtOH)$ to ethyl $t$-butyl ether $(ETBE)$ is$$TBA+Et0H\rightleftharpoons ETBE+water$$The equilibrium con...

A liquid mixture of ethanol and water is flowing as inlet stream $P$ into a stream splitter. It is split into two streams, $Q$ and $R$, as shown in the figure below.The f...

The partial molar enthalpy (in $kJ$/mol) of species $1$ in a binary mixture is given by $\bar{h}_{1}=2 -60x_{2}^{2}+100x^{1}x_{2}^{2},$ where $x_{1}$ and $x_{2}$ are the ...

A binary liquid mixture of benzene and toluene contains $20$ mol$\%$ of benzene. At $350 \:K$ the vapour pressures of pure benzene and pure toluene are $92\: kPa$ and $35...

A jacketed stirred tank with a provision for heat removal is used to mix sulphuric acid and water in a steady state flow process. $H_{2}SO_{4}$ $(l)$ enters at a rate of ...

An ideal gas is adiabatically and irreversibly compressed from $3$ bar and $300\:K$ to $6$ bar in a closed system. The work required for the irreversible compression is $...

A gas obeying the Clausius equation of state is isothermally compressed from $5\:Mpa$ to $15\:MPa$ in a closed system at $400\:K$. The Clausius equation of state is $P=\f...

A binary system at a constant pressure with species $’1’$ and $’2’$ is described by the two-suffix Margules equation, $\frac{g^{E}}{RT}=3x_{1}x_{2}$, where $g^{E}$ is the...

For a pure liquid, the rate of change of vapour pressure with temperature is $0.1$ bar/$K$ in the temperature range of $300$ to $350\:K$. If the boiling point of the liqu...

Three identical closed systems of a pure gas are taken from an initial temperature and pressure $(T_{1},P_{1})$ to a final state $(T_{2},P_{2})$, each by a different path...

For a gas phase cracking reaction $A{\rightarrow}B+C$ at $300^{\circ}$, the Gibbs free energy of the reaction at this temperature is $\Delta G^{\circ}=-2750$ $J$/mol. The...

If $v,\:u,\:s$ and $g$ represent respectively the molar volume, molar internal energy, molar entropy and molar Gibbs free energy, then match the entries in the left and r...

The schematic diagram of a steady state process is shown below. The fresh feed $(F)$ to the reactor consists ot $96$ mol$\%$ reactant $A$ and $4$ mol$\%$ inert $I$. The s...

An ideal gas is initially at a pressure of $0.1\:MPa$ and a total volume of $2\:m^{3}$. It is first compressed to $1\:MPa$ by a reversible adiabatic process and then cool...

Given that molar residual Gibbs free energy, $g^{R}$, and molar residual volume, $v^{R}$, are related as $\frac{g^{R}}{RT}=\int _{0}^{P}\left ( \frac{v^{R}}{RT} \right )d...

Two elemental gases ($A$ and $B$) are reacting to form a liquid ($C$) in a steady state process as per the reaction $A+B{\rightarrow}C$. The single-pass conversion of the...

Carbon monoxide $(CO)$ is burnt in pressure of $200\%$ excess pure oxygen and the flame temperature achieved is $2298\:K$. The inlet streams are at $25^{\circ}$. The stan...

Which $ONE$ of the following is $CORRECT$ for an ideal gas in a closed system?$\left ( \frac{\partial U}{\partial V} \right )_{s}V=nR\left ( \frac{\partial U}{\partial S}...

From the following list, identify the properties which are equal in both vapour and liquid phases at equilibriumDensityTemperatureChemical potentialEnthalpy$P$ and $Q$ on...

In a closed system, the isentropic expansion of an ideal gas with constant specific heats is represented by

Match the following $$\begin{array}&&\textbf{Group I} & \textbf{Group II} \\ &\text{P. $\left [ \frac{\partial G}{\partial n_{i}} \right ]_{T,P,n_{\int =i}}$} & \text{I....