Recent questions in Process Calculations and Thermodynamics

A reverse osmosis unit treats feed water (F) containing fluoride and its output consists of a permeate stream (P) and a reject stream (R). Let C${_F}$, C${_p}$, and C${_R...

A fraction $f$ of the feed is bypassed and mixed with the permeate to obtain treated water having a fluoride concentration of 1 mg/L. Here also the flow rate of the rejec...

In a process occurring in a closed system F, the heat transferred from F to the surroundings E is 600 J. If the temperature of E is 300 K and that of F is in the range 38...

A gaseous system contains H${_2}$,I${_2}$ and HI, which participate in the gas-phase reaction 2H...

The thermodynamic state of a closed system containing a pure fluid changes from $(T1,p1)$ to $(T2, p2)$, where $T$ and $p$ denote the temperature and pressure, respective...

The units of the isothermal compressibility are$m^{-3}$$Pa^{-1}$$m^{3} Pa^{-1}$$m^{-3}Pa^{-1}$

The reaction A${_l}{_i}{_q}$ +B${_g}{_a}{_s}$ $\rightarrow$C${_l}{_i}{_q}$ +D${_g}{_a}{_s}$, is carried out in a rector followed by a separator as shown below ...

If the ratio of recycle gas to purge gas $(F{_R}{_G}/F{_P}{_G})$ is $4$ then $Y{_R}{_B}$ is $3/8$$2/5$$1/2$$3/4$

Consider a binary liquid mixture at constant temperature $T$ and pressure $P$. If the enthalpy change of mixing, $\Delta H = 5x_1x_2$, where $x_1$ and $x_2$ are the mole ...

A thermometer initially at $100^{ \circ}C$ is dipped at $t = 0$ into an oil bath, maintained at $150^{\circ}C$. If the recorded temperature is $130^{\circ}C$ after $1$ mi...

An insulated, evacuated container is connected to a supply line of an ideal gas at pressure $P_s$, temperature $T_s$ and specific volume $V_s$. The container is filled wi...

For an exothermic reversible reaction, which one of the following correctly describes the dependence of the equilibrium constant $(K)$ with temperature $(T)$ and pressure...

In a throttling process, the pressure of an ideal gas reduce by $50\%$. If $C{_p}$ and $C{_v}$ are the heat capacities at constant pressure and constant volume, respectiv...

If the temperature of saturated water is increased infinitesimally at constant entropy, the resulting state of water will beLiquidLiquid – vapor coexistenceSaturated vapo...

An azeotropic mixture of ethanol and water is to be separated in a distillation column using benzene as an entrainer. At the column operating conditions, two liquid phase...

In a closed piston-cylinder system, methane was observed to obey the following equation of state$$P\left ( V-nb \right )=nRT$$where $b=0.029\:m^{3}$/mol. The temperature ...

Under isothermal condition, a vertical tube of length $L=100\:m$ contains a gas of molecular weight equal to $60$. The pressure and temperature at the top of the tube are...

$G$ denotes the Gibbs free energy of a binary mixture, $n_{T}$ denotes the total number of moles present in the system, $\mu _{i}$ is the chemical potential of the $i^{th...

The ammonia ($NH_{3}$) oxidation process occurs over a catalyst as$$4NH_{3}+5O_{2}\rightarrow 6H_{2}O+4NO$$Air is supplied such that oxygen ($O_{2}$) is $20\%$ in excess ...

Consider the following properties :$\begin{array}{cc}\&\text{P. temperature} & \text{Q. specific gravity} \\ &\text{R. chemical potential} & \text{ S. volume} \\ \\ \en...