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The thermodynamic state of a closed system containing a pure fluid changes from $(T1,p1)$ to $(T2, p2)$, where $T$ and $p$ denote the temperature and pressure, respectively.  Let $Q$ denote the heat absorbed $(>0$ if absorbed by the system) and $W$ the work done $(>0$ if done by the system). Neglect changes in kinetic and potential energies. Which one of the following is $\text{CORRECT}$?

  1. $Q$ is the path-independent and $W$ is the path-dependent
  2. $Q$ is path-dependent and $W$ is path-independent
  3. $(Q – W)$ is path-independent
  4. $(Q + W)$ is path-independent
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