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Level $(h)$ in a steam boiler is controlled by manipulating the flow rate $(F)$ of the make-up (fresh) water using a proportional (P) controller. The transfer function be...
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A homogenous reaction $(R{\rightarrow}P)$ occurs in a batch reactor. The conversion of the reactant $R$ is $67\%$ after $10$ minutes and $80\%$ after $20$ minutes. The ra...
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A hot liquid is to be cooled in a $1-1$ shell and tube heat exchanger from $80^{\circ}C$ to $50^{\circ}C$. Cooling water enters the tube side at $30^{\circ}C$, and exits ...
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At a shear rate of $10\:s^{-1}$, the apparent viscosity of a non-Newtonian liquid was found to be $1\: Pa\:s$. At a shear rate of $100\:s^{-1}$, the apparent viscosity of...
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Vapour bubbles are formed in the nucleate boiling regime at a frequency of $10$ bubbles per second per nucleation site. There are $100$ nucleation sites per $m^{2}$ of he...
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The inital water level in a tank is $4\:m$. When the value located at the bottom is opened, the rate of change of water level ($L$) with respect to time ($t$) is, $\frac{...
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The ammonia ($NH_{3}$) oxidation process occurs over a catalyst as$$4NH_{3}+5O_{2}\rightarrow 6H_{2}O+4NO$$Air is supplied such that oxygen ($O_{2}$) is $20\%$ in excess ...
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The van der Waals equation of the state is given by$$P_r = \dfrac{8T_r}{3v_r-1} – \dfrac{3}{v_r^2}$$where $P_r$, $T_r$ and $v_r$ represent reduced pressure, reduced tem...
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In petroleum refining operations, the process used for converting paraffins and naphthenes to aromatics isalkylationcatalytic reforminghydrocrackingisomerization
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A solid sphere of radius $1$ $cm$ and initial temperature of $25^{\circ}\:C$ is exposed to a gas stream at $100^{\circ}\:C$. For the solid sphere, the density is $10^{4}$...
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A counter-current extraction column is designed to remove 99% of solute C from a solution of solvent A and solute C using pure solvent B. The initial concentration of sol...
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A fiberboard sheet $\left ( 1.5\:m\times 2.0\:m\times 15\:mm \right )$ is being dried by suspending it horizontally in a current of hot, dry air. The edges are insulted s...
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An insulted storage tank contains $1000\:kg$ liquid of specific heat $10\:kJ\:kg^{-1}\:K^{-1}$. The liquid is heated by saturated steam, condensing in a helical coil at a...
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A first-order process having a transfer function, $G_{p}=\frac{2}{7s+1}$ is controlled by a proportional controller with gain of $3.2$. The process time constant is in mi...
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​​​​​​A gas stream containing $95 \mathrm{~mol} \% \mathrm{CO}_{2}$ and $5 \mathrm{~mol} \%$ ethanol is to be scrubbed with pure water in a counter-current, i...
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A disk turbine is used to stir a liquid in a baffled tank. To design the agitator, experiments are performed in a lab-scale model with a turbine diameter of $0.05 \:m$ an...
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A binary distillation column is designed by McCabe-Thiele method to get a distillate mole fraction of $0.9$. The enriching section operating line has an intercept with $y...
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Consider the reaction $\mathrm{N}_{2}(\mathrm{~g})+3 \mathrm{H}_{2}(g) \rightleftharpoons 2 \mathrm{NH}_{3}(g)$ in a continuous flow reactor under steady-state conditions...
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Turnover ratio is defined as$\dfrac{\text{Fixed capital investment}}{\text{Gross annual sales}} \\$$\dfrac{\text{Gross annual sales}}{\text{Fixed capital investment}} \\$...
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Prandtl number signifies the ratio of$\frac{Momentum \: Diffusivity}{Thermal \: Diffusivity}$$\frac{Mass \: Diffusivity}{Thermal \: Diffusivity}$$\frac{Thermal \: Diffusi...
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A first-order irreversible liquid phase reaction $A\rightarrow B\left ( k=0.1\:min^{-1} \right )$ is carried out under isothermal, steady state conditions in the followin...
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A thermocouple having a linear relationship between $0\;^{\circ}C$ and $350 \:^{\circ}C$ shows an emf of zero and $30.5 \text{ mV}$, respectively at these two temperature...
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For absorption of $H_{2}S$ from a mixture with hydrocarbon vapour into an aqueous alkanolamine solution, the liquid phase mass transfer resistance issignificantly higher ...
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Consider two stationary spherical pure water droplets of diameters $d_{1}$ and $2d_{1}$. $CO_{2}$ diffuses into the droplets from the surroundings. If the rate of diffusi...
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Consider two Carnot engines $C_1$ and $C_2$ as shown in the figure.The efficiencies of the engines $C_1$ and $C_2$ are $0.40$ and $0.35$, respectively. If the temperature...
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The volumetric properties of two gases $M$ and $N$ are described by the generalized compressibility chart which expresses the compressibility factor $(Z)$ as a function o...
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A composite wall is made of four different materials of construction in the fashion shown below. The resistance (in $K/W$) of each sections of the wall is indicated in th...
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A vapour phase catalytic reaction $(Q+R{\rightarrow}S)$ follows Rideal mechanism ($R$ and $S$ are not absorbed). Initially, the mixture contains only the reactants in equ...
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Match the equipment in Column $A$ with the corresponding process in Column $B$$\begin{array}{|cl|cI|cI|cI|cI|cI|}\hline&\text{$Column\:A$} & \text{$Column\:B$} \\ \hline ...
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For a chemical reaction, the ratio of rate constant at $500\:K$ to that at $400\:K$ is $2.5$. Given $R=8.314\:J$ mol$^{-1}$ $K^{-1}$, the value of activation energy (in $...
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Consider the process flowsheet in the figure. An irreversible liquid-phase reaction $A \rightarrow B$ (reaction rate $-r_{A} = 164 \:x_{A}\text{ kmol }m^{-3}\:h^{-1}$) oc...
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Consider the gas phase reaction $N_2O_4 \rightleftarrows 2NO_2$ occuring in an isothermal and isobaric reactor maintained at $298 K$ and $1.0$ bar. The standard Gibbs ene...
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A thermocouple senses temperature based on theNernst Effect Maxwell Effect Seebeck EffectPeltier Effect
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A wet solid of $100\:kg$ is dried from a moisture content of $40\:wt\%$ to $10\:wt\%$. The critical moisture content is $15\:wt\%$ and the equilibrium moisture content is...
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In a 1-1 pass floating head type shell and tube heat exchanger, the tubes (od = 25 mm; id = 21 mm) are arranged in a square pitch. The tube pitch is 32 mm. The thermal co...
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Consider the following transfer function:$$G\left ( s \right )=\frac{3}{\left ( 5s+1 \right )^{2}}$$where, the natural period of oscillation is in min. The amplitude rati...
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A furnace installed at a cost of $Rs.\:24$ Lakh is expected to serve its useful life of $5$ years. Salvage value of the furnace is $Rs.\:8$ Lakh. The interest rate compou...
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The partial differential equation $$\frac{\partial u}{\partial t} = \frac{1}{\pi^{2}} \frac{\partial ^{2} u}{\partial x^{2}}$$ where, $t \geq 0$ and $x \in [0,1]$, is sub...
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Consider a single-input-single-output $\text{(SISO)}$ system with the transfer function $$G_{P}\left ( s \right ) =\frac{2\left ( s + 1 \right )}{\left ( \dfrac{1}{2} s +...
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In a double-pipe heat exchanger of $10 \: m$ length, a hot fluid flows in the annulus and a cold fluid flows in the inner pipe. The temperature profiles of the hot $(T_h)...