Consider an enzymatic reaction that follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Let $K_{M}, S$, and $V_{\max }$ denote the Michaelis constant, substrate concentration, and maximum reaction rate, respectively. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE?
- For $S \ll K_{M}$, the reaction is apparent first-order in $S$.
- For $S \gg K_{M}$, the reaction rate is nearly independent of $S$.
- For $S=K_{M}$, the rate of reaction equals $V_{\max }$.
- $K_{M}$ is independent of the total enzyme concentration.
