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​​​​​​Let $r$ and $\theta$ be the polar coordinates defined by $x=r \cos \theta$ and $y=r \sin \theta$. The area of the cardioid $r=a(1-\cos \theta), 0 \leq \theta \leq 2 \pi$, is

  1. $\frac{3 \pi a^{2}}{2}$
  2. $\frac{2 \pi a^{2}}{3}$
  3. $3 \pi a^{2}$
  4. $2 \pi a^{2}$

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