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Which of the following is $\text{NOT}$ a necessary condition for a process under closed-loop control to be stable?Dead-time term(s) must be absent in the open-loop transf...
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Match the reaction in $\textbf{Group – 1}$ with the reaction type in $\textbf{Group – 2}$.$\begin{array}{|c|l|c|l|} \hline & \textbf{Group – 1} && \textbf{Group –...
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Formaldehyde is produced by the oxidation of methane in a reactor. The following two parallel reactions occur.$$CH_4+O_2 \rightarrow HCHO+H_2O \\ CH_4 +2O_2 \rightarrow C...
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The combustion of carbon monoxide is carried out in a closed, rigid and insulated vessel. $1 \text{ mol}$ of $CO$, $0.5 \text{ mol}$ of $O_2$ and $2 \text{ mol}$ of $N_2$...
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A gaseous mixture at $1$ bar and $300 \: K$ consists of $20 \text{ mol } \% \: CO_2$ and $80 \text{ mol } \%$ inert gas.Assume the gases to be ideal. Take $R=8.314 \text{...
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A binary liquid mixture consists of two species $1$ and $2$. Let $\gamma$ and $x$ represent the activity coefficient and the mole fraction of the species, respectively. U...
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Consider a tank filled with $3$ immiscible liquid $A$, $B$ and $C$ at static equilibrium, as shown in the figure. At $2 \: cm$ below the liquid $A$- liquid $B$ interface,...
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Seawater is passed through a column containing a bed of resin beads.Density of seawater $=1025 \: \text{ kg m}^{-3}$Density of resin beads $=1330 \text{ kg m}^{-3}$Diame...
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A straight fin of uniform circular cross section and adiabatic tip has an aspect ratio (length/diameter) of $4$. If the Biot number (based on the radius of the fin as the...
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A double-effect evaporator is used to concentrate a solution. Steam is sent to the first effect at $110\:^{\circ} C$ and the boiling point of the solution in the second e...
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Consider a solid slab of thickness $2L$ and uniform cross section $A$. The volumetric rate of heat generation within the slab is $\dot{g} \: (W \: m^{-3})$. The slab lose...
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A distillation column handling a binary mixture of $A$ and $B$ is operating at total reflux. It has two ideal stages including the reboiler. The mole fraction of the more...
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In a batch drying experiment, a solid with a critical moisture content of $0.2 \: kg$ $H_2O/kg$ dry solid is dried from an initial moisture content of $0.35 \: kg$ $H_2O/...
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As shown in the figure below, air flows in parallel to a freshly painted solid surface of width $10 \: m$, along the $z$-direction.The equilibrium vapor concentration of ...
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The following isothermal autocatalytic reaction $$ A +B \longrightarrow 2B \quad\quad\quad(-r_A)=0.1C_AC_B(\text{mol } L^{-1} s^{-1})$$is carried out in an ideal continuo...
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Reactant $A$ decomposes to products $B$ and $C$ in the presence of an enzyme in a well-stirred batch reactor. The kinetic rate expression is given by$$-r_A = \dfrac{0.01C...
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The following homogeneous, irreversible reaction involving ideal gases, $$A \longrightarrow B+C \quad\quad\quad(-r_A)=0.5C_A (\text{mol L}^{-1} s^{-1})$$ is carried out i...
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A system has a transfer function $G(s)= \dfrac{3e^{-4s}}{12s+1}$. When a step change of magnitude $M$ is given to the system input, the final value of the system output i...
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A person has a transfer function $G(s)= \dfrac{Y(s)}{X(s)} = \dfrac{20}{90000s^2+240s+1}$. Initially the process is at steady state with $x(t=0)=0.4$ and $y(t=0)=100$. If...
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Operating labor requirements $L$ in the chemical process industry is described in terms of the plant capacity $C ( \text{kg day}^{-1})$ over a wide range $(10^3-10^6)$ by...
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A viscous liquid is pumped through a pipe network in a chemical plant. The annual pumping cost per unit length of pipe is given by $$C_{\text{pump}} = \dfrac{48.13\: q^2 ...
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An irreversible gas phase reaction $2 \textbf{P} \rightarrow 4 \textbf{Q} + \textbf{R}$ is conducted in an isothermal and isobaric batch reactor. Assume ideal gas behavio...
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Consider two Carnot engines $C_1$ and $C_2$ as shown in the figure.The efficiencies of the engines $C_1$ and $C_2$ are $0.40$ and $0.35$, respectively. If the temperature...
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Consider the following closed loop system with $G_p$ and $G_c$ as the transfer functions of the process and the controller, respectively.For a unit step change in the set...
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The decomposition of acetaldehyde $(X)$ to methane and carbon monoxide follows four-step free radical mechanism. The overall rate of decomposition of $X$ is $$-r_X=k_2 \b...
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$SO_2$ from air is absorbed by pure water in a counter current packed column operating at constant pressure. The compositions and the flow rates of the streams are shown ...
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Two film theory applies for absorption of a solute from a gas mixture into a liquid solvent. The interfacial mass transfer coefficient (in $mol \: m^{-2} \: s^{-1}$) for ...
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Consider the equilibrium data for methanol-water system at $1$ bar given in the future below.A distillation column operating at $1.0$ bar is required to produce $92 \: mo...
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Consider the gas phase reaction $N_2O_4 \rightleftarrows 2NO_2$ occuring in an isothermal and isobaric reactor maintained at $298 K$ and $1.0$ bar. The standard Gibbs ene...
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A tank initially contains a gas mixture with $21\:mol\:\% $ oxygen and $79\:mol\:\%$ nitrogen. Pure nitrogen enters the tank, and a gas mixture of nitrogen and oxygen exi...
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Consider steady, laminar, fully developed flow of an incompressible Newtonian fluid through two horizontal straight pipes, $I$ and $II$, of circular cross section. The vo...
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Equilibrium data for a binary mixture of $E$ and $F$ at two different pressure is shown in the figure.It is desired to process a feed containing $80 \text{ mol } \% E$ an...
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A hollow cylinder of equal length and inner diameter (i.e., $L=D$) is sealed at both ends with flat plate, as shown in the figure. Its inner surfaces, $A_1$, $A_2$, and $...
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A student performs a flow experiment with Bingham Plastic under fully developed laminar flow conditions in a tube of radius $0.01 \: m$ with a pressure drop $(\Delta P)$ ...
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A feed stream containing pure species $L$ flows into a reactor, where $L$ is partly converted to $M$ as shown in the figure.The mass flow rate of the recycle stream is $2...
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A U-tube manometer contains two manometric fluids of densities $1000 \: kg \: m^{-3}$ and $600 \: kg \: m^{-3}$. When both the limbs are open to atmosphere, the differenc...
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A pure gas obeys the equation of state given by $$\dfrac{PV}{RT} = 1 + \dfrac{BP}{RT}$$ where $P$ is the pressure, $T$ is the absolute temperature, $V$ is the molar volum...
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Consider one mole of an ideal gas in a closed system. It undergoes a change in state from $L$ to $N$ through two different non-isothermal processes, as shown in the $P-V$...
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A fluid is heated from $40^{\circ}C$ to $60^{\circ} C$ in a countercurrent, double pipe heat exchanger. Hot fluid enters at $100^{\circ}C$ and exits at $70^{\circ}C$. The...
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Consider an infinitely long rectangular fin exposed to a surrounding fluid at a constant temperature $T_a=27^{\circ}C$.The steady state one dimensional energy balance on ...