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Catalytic reforming is commonly used in the petroleum industry to improve fuel quality. The undesirable reaction in the catalytic reforming of naphtha isHydrocracking of ...
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A process described by the transfer function $$G_{P}\left ( s \right ) = \frac{\left ( 10s +1 \right )}{5s + 1}$$ is forced by a unit step input at time $t = 0$. The outp...
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Information for a proposed greenfield project is provided in the table. The discounted cash flow for the fourth year is Rs ___________________ crores (rounded off to one ...
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For heat transfer across a solid-fluid interface, which one of the following statements is $\text{NOT}$ true when the Biot number is very small compared to $1$?Conduction...
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The value of the real variable $x \geq 0$, which maximizes the function $f\left ( x \right ) = x^{e} e ^{-x}$ is$e$$0$$\frac{1}{e}$$1$
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Pool boiling equipment operating above ambient temperature is usually designed to operatefar above the critical heat fluxnear the critical heat fluxfar above the Leidenfr...
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​​On a given day, how many times will the second-hand and the minute-hand of a clock cross each other during the clock time $12:05:00$ hours to $12: 55: 00$ hours?$51...
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​​​​​For purchasing a batch reactor, three alternatives $\mathrm{P}, \mathrm{Q}$ and $\mathrm{R}$ have emerged, as summarized in the table. For a compound inter...
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In soap manufacturing, the triglycerides present in oils and fats are hydrolyzed to mainly produceFatty acids and glycerolGlycerol onlyFatty acids onlyGlycerol and paraff...
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A compressor with a lite of $10$ years costs Rs $10$ lakhs. Its yearly operating cost is Rs $0.5$ lakh. If the annual compound interest rate is $8\%$, the amount needed a...
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A brick wall of $20\:cm$ thickness has thermal conductivity of $0.7\:W\:m^{-1}\:K^{-1}$. An insulation of thermal conductivity $0.2\:W\:m^{-1}\:K^{-1}$ is to be applied o...
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For a closed-loop system, consider the following transfer functions:process $G_{p}\left ( s \right )$, controller $G_{c}\left ( s \right )$, measuring device $G_{m}\left ...
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A Venturi meter with a throat diameter $d=2 \mathrm{~cm}$ measures the flow rate in a pipe of diameter $D=6 \mathrm{~cm}$, as shown in the figure. A U-tube manometer is c...
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A control system on the jacket side of a reactor is shown in the figure. Pressurized water flows through the jacket to cool the reactor. The heated water flashes in the b...
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A wet solid containing $20\%$ $\text{(w/w)}$ moisture (based on mass of bone-dry solid) is dried in a tray-dryer. The critical moisture content of the solid is $10\%$ $\t...
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In the block diagram shown in the figure, the transfer function $G = \dfrac{K}{\left ( \tau s + 1 \right )}$ with $K 0$ and $\tau 0$. The maximum value of $K$ below whi...
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Which of the following conditions are valid at the plait point?Density difference between the extract and raffinate phases is zeroInterfacial tension between the extract...
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Match the process in Group I with the catalyst in Group II Group I ...
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The reactant ($M$) is converted into product ($N$) in the presence of catalyst in a fixed bed reactor. All the flow rates ($F,\:G,\:H,\:P $ and $R$) in mol/$s$, and mole ...
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A large tank is filled with water (density $=1 \mathrm{~g} \cdot \mathrm{cm}^{-3}$ ) upto a height of $5 \mathrm{~m}$. A $100 ~ \mu \mathrm{m}$ diameter solid spherical p...
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​​​​​The velocity field in an incompressible flow is $\boldsymbol{v}=\alpha x y \hat{\boldsymbol{\imath}}+v_{y} \hat{\boldsymbol{\jmath}}+\beta \widehat{\boldsy...
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​​​​​In an ammonia manufacturing facility, the necessary hydrogen is generated from methane. The facility consists of the following process units -$\text{P}$: M...
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Consider a sealed rigid bottle containing $CO_{2}$ and $H_{2}O$ at $10$ bar and ambient temperature. Assume that the gas phase in the bottle is pure $CO_{2}$ and follows ...
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An oil with a flow rate of $1000\:kg/h$ is to be cooled using water in a double-pipe counter-flow heat exchanger from a temperature of $70^{\circ}C$ to $40^{\circ}C$. Wat...
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A Newtonian fluid of viscosity $\mu$ flows between two parallel plates due to the motion of the bottom plate (as shown below), which is moved with a velocity $V$. The top...
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In a roll crusher, rolls of diameter $1$ $m$ each are set in such a manner that minimum clearance between the crushing surfaces is $15$ $mm$. If the angle of nip is $31^{...
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Level $(h)$ in a steam boiler is controlled by manipulating the flow rate $(F)$ of the make-up (fresh) water using a proportional (P) controller. The transfer function be...
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A design engineer needs to purchase a membrane module $(\mathrm{M})$ for a plant. Details about the two available options, $\text{M1}$ and $\text{M2,}$ are given in the t...
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The molar excess Gibbs free energy $(g^{E})$ of a liquid mixture of $A$ and $B$ is given by $$\frac{g^{E}}{RT} = x_{A}x_{B}\left [ C_{1} + C_{2} \left ( x_{A} - x_{B} \ri...
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A solid sphere of radius $1$ $cm$ and initial temperature of $25^{\circ}\:C$ is exposed to a gas stream at $100^{\circ}\:C$. For the solid sphere, the density is $10^{4}$...
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A first-order irreversible liquid phase reaction $A\rightarrow B\left ( k=0.1\:min^{-1} \right )$ is carried out under isothermal, steady state conditions in the followin...
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A hot liquid is to be cooled in a $1-1$ shell and tube heat exchanger from $80^{\circ}C$ to $50^{\circ}C$. Cooling water enters the tube side at $30^{\circ}C$, and exits ...
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A $CSTR$ and a $PFR$ of equal volume are connected in series as shown below to carry out a first-order, isothermal, liquid phase reaction$$A{\rightarrow}P$$The rate const...
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Given that $E$ (in W. $\mathrm{m}^{-2}$ ) is the total hemispherical emissive power of a surface maintained at a certain temperature, which of the following statements is...
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The volumetric properties of two gases $M$ and $N$ are described by the generalized compressibility chart which expresses the compressibility factor $(Z)$ as a function o...
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The inital water level in a tank is $4\:m$. When the value located at the bottom is opened, the rate of change of water level ($L$) with respect to time ($t$) is, $\frac{...
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​​​​​Consider the control structure for the overhead section of a distillation column shown in the figure. The composition controller (CC) controls the heavy ke...
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The opposite faces of a metal slab of thickness $5 \mathrm{~cm}$ and thermal conductivity $400 \mathrm{~W} \mathrm{~m}^{-1}{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}^{-1}$ are maintained at ...
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The capital cost of a distillation column is Rs. $90$ lakhs. The cost is to be fully depreciated (salvage value is zero) using the double-declining balance method over $1...
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Turnover ratio is defined as$\dfrac{\text{Fixed capital investment}}{\text{Gross annual sales}} \\$$\dfrac{\text{Gross annual sales}}{\text{Fixed capital investment}} \\$...